1. Energy Stores and Transfers
Sankey Diagram
Wider arrows represent larger energy transfers.
- Useful energy transfers continue forward.
- Wasted energy transfers branch downward.
- Total energy is conserved.
Efficiency: 70%
2. Work Done
Force and Displacement
Work done: 200 J
3. Kinetic and Potential Energy
Energy Conservation
As the cart moves:
- Higher position = more gravitational potential energy.
- Higher speed = more kinetic energy.
- Total energy stays approximately constant.
The live KE and GPE bars are inside the animation window so students can see the energy changes while the cart moves.
4. Power and Efficiency
Efficiency Machine
Power and Efficiency
Machines waste some energy, usually as heat and sound.
Current efficiency: 60%
5. Forces and Newton's Laws
Newton’s Laws Controls
Choose a law to change the whole animation pane. The explanation, force arrows and calculation appear inside the animation window.
Acceleration for second law: 4 m s⁻²
6. Motion Graphs and SUVAT
SUVAT Explorer
Final velocity: 10 m s⁻¹
Displacement: 25 m
7. Practical 6: Determining g
Free Fall Practical
This setup uses:
- electromagnet
- trapdoor/light gates
- timer
Measured time: 0.00 s
Calculated g: 9.8 m s⁻²
Students can compare repeated measurements and calculate an average.
8. Exam Practice Quiz
Question 1
What happens to the width of arrows in a Sankey diagram?
They represent the amount of energy transferred
They represent mass
They show acceleration
Question 2
Which quantity is a vector?
Distance
Velocity
Speed